Certified Post Anesthesia Nurse (CPAN) Practice Exam

How does spinal and epidural anesthesia affect the body's temperature control mechanisms?

1. Not affected

2. Impaired in a way that promotes temperature fluctuation

3. Impaired in a way that promotes hyperthermia

4. Impaired in a way that promotes hypothermia

The correct answer is: Impaired in a way that promotes hypothermia

Spinal and epidural anesthesia can disrupt the body's normal thermoregulation. When these types of anesthesia are administered, they can interfere with sympathetic nervous system pathways, which play a crucial role in maintaining body temperature. The blockade of sympathetic nerves can lead to impaired thermoregulation, particularly in the lower body, where the anesthetic effects are most prominent. This impairment often results in an increased risk of hypothermia, especially during surgical procedures or activities that expose patients to cold environments. The absence of effective vasoconstriction and shivering responses in the affected areas leaves the patient vulnerable to heat loss. In addition, many anesthetic agents can affect the hypothalamic temperature set point, further diminishing the body's ability to maintain normothermia. Therefore, understanding the implications of spinal and epidural anesthesia on temperature regulation is essential for managing patient care in the perioperative setting.